Catalytic strategies for CO2 hydrogenation to BTX and p-xylene: A sustainable approach towards carbon neutrality.

In recent decades, the substantial rise in atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO 2) levels has raised significant environmental concerns, such as global warming and ocean acidification. As a result, reducing carbon emissions and the interest in carbon neutrality have emerged as vital global goals to protect the environment and society. The hydrogenation of CO 2 to produce BTX (benzene, toluene, xylene), particularly p-xylene (PX), provides a sustainable pathway for CO 2 transformation toward valuable chemical feedstocks. This review presents an overview of the thermodynamics and reaction mechanisms involved in CO 2 hydrogenation to BTX and PX, revealing the key factors influencing product selectivity. The effects of catalyst modification methods, including silylation, silicalite encapsulation, core-shell structures, and metal modification, on the selectivity and activity of catalyst are discussed. Factors such as zeolite morphology, catalyst size, contact time, mesoporosity, acidity, and surface alkylation/methylation are analyzed for their effects on BTX and PX selectivity. Lastly, the paper outlines the current challenges and future perspectives in advancing CO 2 hydrogenation towards the production of BTX and PX, highlighting opportunities for further research and technological advancements in this area. [Display omitted] • CO 2 hydrogenation to BTX/PX is a sustainable solution for CO 2 and environment issues. • BTX selectivity is influenced by catalyst modifications methods and metal changes. • Zeolite morphology, such as b-axis, crystal size and mesoporosity, impacts BTX/PX formation. • BTX/PX selectivity is driven by the external surface Brønsted acidity of H-ZSM-5 • Surface acidity of H-ZSM-5 is key for alkylation/methylation of BTX into heavier aromatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]