Ecological Compensation Mechanism for Those Cities Where Natural Resources Have Been Exhausted—With Fuxin of Liaoning Province as Example.

The exhaustive exploitation of natural resources in the surrounding areas of a city led its whole area to face dangerous ecological condition and geological disasters, such as goaf caving taken place frequently. How to provide an ecological compensation mechanism for the city has become a hard task to cope with the local difficulties including financial deficits, lots of workers in poverty, unitary industrial mix, low GDP and especially the greatly diminished coal resource. To set up the ecological compensation mechanism of the city, what are needed include not only the governmental control means such as the financial transfer payment, administrative compensation for environmental disruption due to coal mining with taxation, charging or penalty for those persons who were responsible for the environmental pollution and disruption and developing alternative industries, but also the market control measures such as raising funds via BOT and issuing lottery for ecological compensation, guaranty funds for mining environment restoration and improving the market of prospecting/mining rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]