Fast models for online-optimization during open die forging.

Abstract: One of the most important target parameters during open die forging is the microstructure, respectively the grain size. To guarantee the mechanical properties within the workpiece it is of high interest to predict the microstructure during the forging process. This paper details different semi-empiric models that ultimately help to predict the microstructure properties of a forged block. The results of the fast models show a good match with the slower FEA reference solution. The vision is, to use the developed models in an assistant system which suggests the optimal forging continuation and thus helps to optimize the forging process online. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]