The Effects of Platelet-Rich Plasma on Tendon and Ligament: Basic Science and Clinical Application.

The introduction of platelet-rich plasma (PRP) as a possible adjunct to conservative and operative treatment has motivated significant research in the topic. Platelet growth factors within alpha granules are released upon activation. These growth factors regulate and enhance tendon healing, so an increase in platelet concentration at the site of injury would hypothetically increase the healing response. Laboratory and animal studies have shown encouraging results in the role and effect of PRP on tendon healing. Animal studies also show an increased strength of tendon repairs augmented with PRP. However, clinical trials have been less consistent. Some show an improvement in pain control and return to function, whereas others show no difference compared to controls. The purpose of this review was to describe the biology and clinical outcomes of PRP treatment of tendon and ligament injuries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]