Cephalometric Norms of Malaysian Adult Indian.

Objectives: To establish cephalometric norms of Malaysian adult Indian. Study Design: A cross sectional study of Malaysian Indian without any interracial marriage for two generations. Materials and Methods: Ninety seven participants aged 18-25 were selected based on Class I incisor relationship with minimal crowding, no skeletal abnormality, have not undergone any orthodontic treatment and had at least second molar to second molar dentition. Lateral cephalometric radiographs were taken, traced and digitised to produce the values to assess the skeletal, dental, soft tissue, nose and chin positions. Results: There was a significant difference between the genders on most values. Generally both the maxilla and mandible were positioned forward. Vertically there is significantly more development in the anterior and posterior upper and lower facial height for Indians male than female. There were also dentoalveolar prognathism with the males have a prominent nose whereas chin is set more forward in the Indian females. Conclusion: The cephalometric norms are specific for race and gender. The values provided here would aid in the diagnosis and treatment planning of orthodontic/orthognathic patients of Indian origin in Malaysia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]