An active, skeletally anchored transpalatal appliance for derotation, distalization and vertical control of maxillary first molars.

Participants: Patients who had undergone comprehensive orthodontic treatment with the skeletally anchored 'Frog' appliance. Methods: 43 participants (20 males and 23 females) who had received treatment with the skeletally anchored 'Frog' appliance where included. In order to explore dentoalveolar and skeletal treatment outcomes, pre- (T1) and post- (T2) treatment measurements were performed on patients' plaster models and cephalometric images. Comparisons between T1 and T2 were made by means of a Student's t-test. All statistical analyses were conducted at the 0.05 level of statistical significance. Results: Study model analysis revealed a statistically significant derotation of maxillary molars (μ_ΔT2-T1=9-5°, P<0.001) as well as an increase in transverse arch dimensions at the end of treatment (μ_ΔT2-T1=2.2 mm, P<0.001). Cephalometric changes included bodily distalization of maxillary molars (μ_Δ(T2-T1)=-1-9 mm, P<0.001), as well as noticeable angular displacement (μ_ΔT2-T1=4.1°, P=0.004). No significant anchorage loss was observed, as displayed by the limited change in maxillary incisor position (μ_Δ(T1-T2)==0.2 mm, P=0.45). In addition, excellent vertical control of the maxillary molars was achieved, with no change in the mandibular plane (ML/NSL) angle (μ_ΔT2-T1=0-3°:, P= 0.38). Conclusions: The skeletal 'Frog' is effective in derotating and distalizing maxillary molars without anchorage loss and with excellent vertical control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]