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Toll-Like Receptor 2-Mediated Signaling Requirements for Francisella tularensis Live Vaccine Strain Infection of Murine Macrophages

Authors :
Cole, Leah E.
Shirey, Kari Ann
Barry, Eileen
Santiago, Araceli
Rallabhandi, Prasad
Elkins, Karen L.
Puche, Adam C.
Michalek, Suzanne M.
Vogel, Stefanie N.
Source :
Infection and Immunity; August 2007, Vol. 75 Issue: 8 p4127-4137, 11p
Publication Year :
2007

Abstract

Francisella tularensis, an aerobic, non-spore-forming, gram-negative coccobacillus, is the causative agent of tularemia. We reported previously that F. tularensis live vaccine strain (LVS) elicited strong, dose-dependent NF-B reporter activity in Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2)-expressing HEK293T cells and proinflammatory gene expression in primary murine macrophages. Herein, we report that F. tularensis LVS-induced murine macrophage proinflammatory cytokine gene and protein expression are overwhelmingly TLR2 dependent, as evidenced by the abrogated responses of TLR2–/–macrophages. F. tularensis LVS infection also increased expression of TLR2 both in vitro, in mouse macrophages, and in vivo, in livers from F. tularensis LVS-infected mice. Colocalization of intracellular F. tularensis LVS, TLR2, and MyD88 was visualized by confocal microscopy. Signaling was abrogated if the F. tularensis LVS organisms were heat or formalin killed or treated with chloramphenicol, indicating that the TLR2 agonist activity is dependent on new bacterial protein synthesis. F. tularensis LVS replicates in macrophages; however, bacterial replication was not required for TLR2 signaling because LVSguaA, an F. tularensis LVS guanine auxotroph that fails to replicate in the absence of exogenous guanine, activated NF-B in TLR2-transfected HEK293T cells and induced cytokine expression in wild-type macrophages comparably to wild-type F. tularensis LVS. Collectively, these data indicate that the primary macrophage response to F. tularensis LVS is overwhelmingly TLR2 dependent, requires de novo bacterial protein synthesis, and is independent of intracellular F. tularensis replication.

Details

Language :
English
ISSN :
00199567 and 10985522
Volume :
75
Issue :
8
Database :
Supplemental Index
Journal :
Infection and Immunity
Publication Type :
Periodical
Accession number :
ejs12379467