A new species and three new combinations in Cyphellophora, with a note on the taxonomic affinities of the genus, and its relation to Kumbhamayaand Pseudomicrodochium.

Cyphellophora guyanensissp. nov., isolated from leaf litter in French Guyana, is described and illustrated. This fungus is characterized by ampulliform to flask-shaped phialides, with a conspicuous, funnel-shaped collarette, and nearly straight to falcate or slightly sigmoid, (2−)3–6 septate conidia. Cyphellophora guyanensisis compared to the other Cyphellophoraspecies, and the latter genus is compared to Kumbhamayaand Pseudomicrodochium. Kumbhamaya indica, P. fusarioides, and P. suttoniiare transferred to Cyphellophora. The phylogenetic relationships of Cyphellophorawith other genera of ascomycetes and related mitosporic fungi were inferred from the analysis of the partial nuclear ribosomal DNA SSU sequences data. The analysis supports a placement of Cyphellophorain Chaetothyriales, and probably in the Herpotrichiellaceae