Risk factors for psychological distress in women at risk for hereditary/familial breast cancer: a systematic review

SUMMARY Some women at risk for hereditary breast cancer are at increased risk of psychological distress. In order to correctly identify vulnerable women at an early stage for whom referral to a specialized psychologist or social worker may be considered, it is important that healthcare workers involved in the care of high-risk women have knowledge about risk factors that should be addressed during counseling. The aim of the current review is to investigate current knowledge on personal and social risk factors associated with psychological maladjustment in women at risk for hereditary breast cancer. The risk factors described in the current review may be used to develop appropriate interventions with respect to, for example, self-concept, risk appraisal, coping, family communication, social support and the partner relationship.