Fabrication challenges for next-generation devices: Microelectromechanical systems for radio-frequency wireless communications

With wireless communications becoming an important technology and growth engine for the semiconductor industry, many semiconductor companies are developing technologies to differentiate themselves in this area. One means of accomplishing this goal is to find a way to integrate passive components, which currently make up more than 70 of the discrete components in a wireless handset, directly on-chip thereby greatly simplifying handsets. While a number of technologies are being investigated to allow on-chip integration, microelectromechanical systems technologies are an important part of this development effort. They have been used to create switches, filters, local oscillators, variable capacitors, and high-quality inductors, to name a few examples. The lithography requirements for these devices are very different than those found in standard semiconductor fabrication with the most important involving patterning over extreme topography. We discuss some of the fabrication challenges for these devices as well as some approaches that have been demonstrated to satisfy them. © 2003 Society of Photo-Optical Instrumentation Engineers.