Oral Administration of the Broad-Spectrum Antibiofilm Compound Toremifene Inhibits Candida albicansand Staphylococcus aureusBiofilm Formation In Vivo

ABSTRACTWe here report on the in vitroactivity of toremifene to inhibit biofilm formation of different fungal and bacterial pathogens, including Candida albicans, Candida glabrata, Candida dubliniensis, Candida krusei, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus epidermidis. We validated the in vivoefficacy of orally administered toremifene against C. albicans and S. aureusbiofilm formation in a rat subcutaneous catheter model. Combined, our results demonstrate the potential of toremifene as a broad-spectrum oral antibiofilm compound.