Effect of Urinary Cytology for Detecting Recurrence in Remnant Urothelium After Radical Cystectomy: Insights From a 10-year Cytology Database

Recurrence in the remnant urothelium is observed in ≤ 8% of cases, depending on the type of urinary diversion, with higher rates of urethral recurrence in heterotopic diversions. Thus, the diagnosis of recurrence in the remnant urothelium is challenging. In our series, urinary cytology had a sensitivity and specificity of 75.0% and 98.8% for detecting urethral recurrence, respectively. Approximately 70% of urethral recurrence cases were detected by cytology alone before the patients developed clinical symptoms, thus influencing consecutive survival.