Deoxycholic Acid, a Metabolite of Circulating Bile Acids, and Coronary Artery Vascular Calcification in CKD

Vascular calcification is common among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), and it is associated with all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality. Deoxycholic acid, a metabolite of circulating bile acids, is elevated in CKD and induces vascular mineralization and osteogenic differentiation in animal models.