The Arabidopsis pattern recognition receptor EFR enhances fire blight resistance in apple

Fire blight disease, caused by the bacterium Erwinia amylovora(E. amylovora), is responsible for substantial losses in cultivated apples worldwide. An important mechanism of plant immunity is based on the recognition of conserved microbial molecules, named pathogen-associated or microbe-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs or MAMPs), through pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to pattern-triggered immunity (PTI). The interspecies transfer of PRRs represents a promising strategy to engineer broad-spectrum and durable disease resistance in crops. EFR, the Arabidopsis thalianaPRR for the PAMP elf18 derived from the elongation factor thermal unstable (EF-Tu) proved to be effective in improving bacterial resistance when expressed into Solanaceae and other plant species. In this study, we tested whether EFR can affect the interaction of apple with E. amylovoraby its ectopic expression in the susceptible apple rootstock M.26. Stable EFRexpression led to the activation of PAMP-triggered immune response in apple leaves upon treatment with supernatant of E. amylovora, as measured by the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of known defense genes. The amount of tissue necrosis associated with E. amylovorainfection was significantly reduced in the EFRtransgenic rootstock compared to the wild-type. Our results show that the expression of EFRin apple rootstock may be a valuable biotechnology strategy to improve the resistance of apple to fire blight.