Effects of non-pharmacological interventions on sleep improvement and delirium prevention in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Sleep disturbance and delirium are common problems experienced by critically ill patients in the intensive care unit (ICU). These interrelated issues increase the length of stay in the ICU but might also negatively affect long-term health outcomes. The objective of this study was to identify the non-pharmacological interventions provided to improve sleep or prevent delirium in ICU patients or both and integrate their effect sizes.