Nickel-rich layered oxide cathodes for lithium-ion batteries: Failure mechanisms and modification strategies

Nickel-rich layered oxides have been widely investigated as one of the most promising cathode materials for next-generation lithium-ion batteries with high energy density and low cost. Further increasing the nickel content of nickel-rich layered oxides is an effective way for improving the energy density of lithium-ion batteries, the resultant materials however suffer from poor cyclic performance and thermal stability, which have restricted the development and commercialization of high‑nickel cathode materials. In this review, the development and structural properties of high‑nickel layered oxide materials are firstly discussed, the failure mechanisms of such materials are particularly clarified, and the modification strategies for improving the stability and electrochemical performance of high‑nickel layered oxide materials are summarized. Some outlooks on the future research directions of high‑nickel layered oxide materials towards a commercial reality are also discussed.