Plasma-Assisted ALD for the Conformal Deposition of SiO2: Process, Material and Electronic Properties

Plasma-assisted atomic layer deposition (ALD) was used to deposit SiO2films in the temperature range of Tdep= 50–400°C on Si(100). H2Si[N(C2H5)2]2and an O2plasma were used as Si precursor and oxidant, respectively. The ALD growth process and material properties were characterized in detail. Ultrashort precursor doses (∼50 ms) were found to be sufficient to reach self-limiting ALD growth with a growth-per-cycle of ∼1.2 Å (Tdep= ∼200°C) leading to SiO2films with O/Si ratio of ∼2.1. Moreover, the plasma ALD process led to a high conformality (95–100%) for trenches with aspect ratios of ∼30. In addition, the electronic (interface) properties of ultrathin ALD SiO2films and ALD SiO2/Al2O3stacks were studied by capacitance-voltage and photoconductance decay measurements. The interface quality associated with SiO2was improved significantly by using an ultrathin ALD Al2O3capping layer and annealing. The interface defect densities decreased from ∼1×1012eV−1cm−2(at mid gap) for single layer SiO2to < 1011eV−1cm−2for the stacks. Correspondingly, ultralow surface recombination velocities < 3 cm/s were obtained for n-type Si. The density and polarity of the fixed charges associated with the stacks were found to be critically dependent on the SiO2thickness (1–30 nm).