Simulation-Based Learning Combined with Case and Problem-Based Learning in the Clinical Education of Joint Surgery

•This study compares lecture-based learning (LBL), case and problem-based learning (CPBL), and simulation-based learning (SBL) combined with CPBL teaching mode and explores the influence of each teaching mode on the subjective and objective evaluation of students.•This study uses SBL combined with CPBL teaching mode as a bridge between theory and practice, and applies simulated operations to promote the mastery of theoretical knowledge.•The simulated surgical operation of the bone-like model can promote spatial thinking ability and provide more opportunities for surgical operation in the clinical teaching of joint surgery.