Preparation and electrochemical characteristics of waste-tire char-based CFXfor lithium-ion primary batteries

In this study, we investigate the opportunity of using waste tire char as a cathode material for lithium-ion primary batteries (LPBs). The char obtained by carbonizing waste tires was washed with acid and thermally fluorinated to produce CFX. The structural and chemical properties of the char and CFXwere analyzed to evaluate the effect of thermal fluorination. The carbon structure of the char was increasingly converted to CFXstructure as the fluorination temperature increased. In addition, the manufactured CFX-based LPBs were evaluated through electrochemical analysis. The discharge capacity of the CFXreached a maximum of 800 mAh/g, which is comparable to that of CFX-based LPBs manufactured from other carbon sources. On the basis of these results, the use of waste tire char-based CFXas a cathode material for LPBs is presented as a new opportunity in the field of waste tire recycling.