A Compact Vehicle-Mounted Garden-Themed Artistic Antenna With Isolation Improvement for 2G/3G/LTE/5G Sub-6-GHz/WiFi/Bluetooth Communications

A multi-band vehicle-mounted garden-themed antenna with isolation improvement for 2G/3G/LTE/5G sub-6 GHz/WiFi/Bluetooth is proposed in this paper. This antenna is mainly comprised of three printed circuit board (PCB) substrates. For good isolation level, two pavilion-shaped 4G-band (including the 2G/3G/LTE frequency bands) patches and two tree-shaped 5G-band (including the 5G sub-6 GHz bands) patches are diagonally placed at the four corners of the top-layer substrate, whereas the other two tree-shaped 5G-band patches and a peach-shaped WiFi-band patch, are arranged in a line on the bottom substrate. To further improve the isolation, two fence posts are arranged between the neighboring antenna elements on the bottom substrate. Finally, a flower-shaped patch array printed on the middle substrate is employed to reduce the mutual coupling factor, broaden the frequency bandwidth, improve the peak gain and the radiation efficiency, especially for the 5G-band antenna element printed on the bottom-layer substrate. Characteristic mode analysis (CMA) method is introduced to the antenna radiation pattern and frequency bandwidth. The measured results showed good impedance bandwidths of 20.69<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> (0.78-0.96 GHz) and 106.8<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> (1.37-4.51 GHz) for 2G/3G/LTE bands, 71.81<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> (2.41-5.11 GHz) for 5G bands, and 84.34<inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\%$</tex-math></inline-formula> (2.4-5.9 GHz) for WiFi bands are achieved with a compact size of 0.338 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\times\; 0.130\;\times$</tex-math></inline-formula> 0.094 <inline-formula><tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\lambda _{0}^{3}$</tex-math></inline-formula> (free-space wavelength at the starting frequency). Furthermore, across the above bands of interest, an isolation level of better than 16 dB can be achieved.