Adherence level to materiality in stand-alone GRI sustainability reporting in Arab nations: does listing status matter?

This study is aiming at, firstly, showing the status quo of stand-alone sustainability reporting and the level of adherence to materiality according to the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) classification in Arab nations between 2014 and 2018; and secondly, identifying the impact of firms' listing status on the level of adherence to materiality in stand-alone GRI sustainability reporting. The findings of the study support its initial proposition that listed firms in the Arab region have greater motives to perform better than unlisted companies in adhering to advanced levels of materiality in GRI sustainability reporting, and thereby enhance their international comparability, accountability and transparency on sustainability issues. As Arab nations, generally, are facing severe economic, environmental and social challenges, this study may shed light on sustainable development issues in this region and motivate policy-makers to encourage companies to voluntarily disclose their material contributions toward green economy and sustainable development activities.