Direct Z-scheme WO3/covalent organic framework (COF) heterostructure for enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide production in waterElectronic supplementary information (ESI) available. See DOI: https://doi.org/10.1039/d3cy00878a

Photocatalytic hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) production from water and O2has received considerable attention. However, most of the photocatalysts reported often require the addition of sacrificial agents to quench h+, which greatly restricts their practical application and increases the cost. In this study, we proposed a Z-scheme heterojunction WO3/covalent organic framework (Tp–TAPB) that can accelerate the separation and charge transfer at the interface and retain the strong oxidative and reductive ability of WO3and Tp–TAPB. The photocatalytic activity for H2O2production of WO3/Tp–TAPB reached 1488.4 μmol g−1h−1in a pure water system without any sacrificial agents, which is 72.3 times and 2.8 times higher than that of WO3and Tp–TAPB, respectively. In addition, WO3/Tp–TAPB was used for photocatalytic H2O2production in lake water and tap water, and a high photocatalytic H2O2production rate was still maintained. The in situphotocatalytically synthesized H2O2was used in the real coking wastewater to remove chemical oxygen demand (COD) under UV light radiation. The removal of COD was over 37% with UV/H2O2. To the best of our knowledge, there is no other study on the degradation of organic pollutants in real water by using photocatalytically synthesized H2O2in situ. This study provides a new idea and approach for photocatalytic H2O2production without using a sacrificial agent.