Ameliorated antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer properties by Plectranthus vettiveroidesroot extract-mediated green synthesis of chitosan nanoparticles

In this investigation, using the biogenic approach, Plectranthus vettiveroidesroot extract was used to synthesize chitosan nanoparticles (P. vettiveroidesCNPs). The produced nanoparticles (NPs) were characterized using UV-visible (UV/vis) absorption spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The typical absorption peaks in the UV/vis spectra were located around 253 nm. Functional groups were identified in P. vettiveroidesCNPs by FTIR. As per SEM analysis, the NPs generated exhibited a spherical shape with an average diameter of 78.01 nm. In addition, the synthesized P. vettiveroidesCNPs were examined for antioxidant and antibacterial properties and anticancer activities. They show a strong antioxidant activity compared to butylated hydroxytoluene as a standard antioxidant. P. vettiveroidesroot extract CNPs demonstrated the most significant zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae(22 mm), followed by Escherichia coli(21 mm), Bacillus cereus(19 mm), and Staphylococcus aureus(17 mm). In addition, using MTT assay, anticancer efficacy against KB (oral cancer) cells was studied. The cytotoxic reaction was observed in a dosage-dependent manner. P. vettiveroidesCNPs show bioefficacy because of their size and the existence of bioactive compounds, which can enhance antibacterial and anticancer activities by lysing bacterial and cancer cell walls.