An Insight Into the Dynamics of Carreau-Yasuda Nanofluid Through a Wavy Channel with Electroosmotic Effects: Relevance to Physiological Ducts

Many physiological ducts, like sperm vessels, intestines, common bile ducts, ducts of salivary glands, and ducts in the repertory system, are common ducts in which transport occurs due to the propagation of complex waves on the boundary. Electroosmotic flow phenomena are significant in membrane separation processes, protein and peptide delivery, iontophoresis in drug delivery through physiological ducts, and a lot of application in plant physiology regarding pressure control in xylem and phloem vessels. The aim of this theoretical study is to analyze the thermal characteristics of physiological fluid characterized by the Carreau-Yasuda model in a complex wavy channel. The two agents of flow, i.e., the propagation of complex waves on the walls of the channel and the electric field in the axial direction, are considered. Different zeta potentials at both walls of the asymmetric channel are employed. Basic conservation laws, along with the Poisson-Boltzmann equation, are utilized to model the problem in the Cartesian coordinate system. Theoretical and biological assumptions like greater wavelength, lubrication transport, and Debye-Hückel linearization transform the governing equations of PDE into a coupled system of ODE. The shooting method is used, which is Solve, a built-in function in the computational software Mathematica to compute the stream function, temperature profile, concentration profile, and various flow and heat transfer characteristics. The impact of various penetrating parameters is described through plots. The magnitude of the velocity profile is increased near the center of geometry by increasing the electroosmotic parameter in the lower half of the regime. Then the Sherwood number and the Bejan number show enhanced behavior by increasing the electroosmotic parameter. The current analysis predicts dynamic applications in thermodynamical systems, cooling systems, biochemistry, and drug delivery systems.