Prospects of zeolite imidazolate framework derivatives as anode materials for potassium-ion batteries

In recent years, the increasing demand for renewable energy and portable electronic devices has underscored the significance of developing high-performance, safe, and cost-effective energy storage systems. Potassium-ion batteries (PIBs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) owing to the abundance and cost-effectiveness of potassium, coupled with their favorable electrochemical performance. However, the widespread use of PIBs is limited by the lack of efficient and stable anode materials. Recently, zeolite imidazolate framework (ZIF) derivatives, characterized by high specific surface area and tunable pore size, have emerged as promising anode materials for PIBs owing to their exceptional electrochemical properties and structural stability. This article reviews the synthesis methods of ZIF derivatives and examines the potassium storage mechanisms involving intercalation, alloying, and conversion reactions within anodes. It also delves into the research advancements of ZIF derivatives, encompassing ZIF-derived carbon materials, alloying metals, metal selenides, metal sulfides, metal phosphides, and metal tellurides, explored as potential anode materials for PIBs. Finally, this review outlines the current challenges, future research outlooks, and prospective research avenues towards the commercialization of ZIF-based PIB anodes.