Beyond shoulder arthroplasty: Applications of 3D printed patient-specific instrumentation in shoulder and elbow procedures – a systematic review

Advancements in 3D printing technology have led to a growing interest on its application in orthopedic surgery. In the context of shoulder and elbow surgery, studies on 3D printing mostly center on surgical guides for the placement of the glenoid component in shoulder arthroplasty, but applications in non-arthroplasty procedures remain unclear. This systematic review aims to evaluate and summarize the literature on the current applications and clinical outcomes of 3D Patient-Specific Instruments (3DPSI) in non-arthroplasty procedures. We expected to find a predominant focus on corrective osteotomies with positive clinical outcomes and minimal complications.