Osmoregulation in aquatic insects: A review

Aquatic insects typically dominate the ecology of freshwater ecosystems while relatively few species are found in saline waters. As human activities are changing the salinity regimes of freshwater ecosystems—typically by making them more saline, ecologists are reporting declines in insect diversity. These observations imply that insect physiological systems play a major role in how species respond to salinity change. This review provides a general overview of insect ormoregulatory physiology and highlights recent advances in the field.