The Parkes H I Survey of the Magellanic System

We present the first fully and uniformly sampled, spatially complete <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> survey of the entire Magellanic System with high velocity resolution (<formula notation="TeX">$\Delta v = 1.0$</formula> km s<formula notation="TeX">$^{-1}$</formula>), performed with the Parkes Telescope. Approximately 24 percent of the southern sky was covered by this survey on a <formula notation="TeX">$\approx$</formula>5´ grid with an angular resolution of <formula notation="TeX">${\it HPBW} = 14\farcm1$</formula>. A fully automated data-reduction scheme was developed for this survey to handle the large number of <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> spectra (<formula notation="TeX">$1.5\times10^6$</formula>). The individual Hanning smoothed and polarization averaged spectra have an rms brightness temperature noise of <formula notation="TeX">$\sigma$</formula> = 0.12 K. The final data-cubes have an rms noise of <formula notation="TeX">$\sigma_{\rm rms} \approx 0.05$</formula> K and an effective angular resolution of <formula notation="TeX">$\approx$</formula>16´. In this paper we describe the survey parameters, the data-reduction and the general distribution of the <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> gas. The Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Small Magellanic Cloud (SMC) are associated with huge gaseous features – the Magellanic Bridge, the Interface Region, the Magellanic Stream, and the Leading Arm – with a total <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> mass of <formula notation="TeX">$M$</formula>(<formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula>) = <formula notation="TeX">$4.87\times10^8~M_\odot \left[d/55~{\rm kpc}\right]^2$</formula>, if all <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> gas is at the same distance of 55 kpc. Approximately two thirds of this <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> gas is located close to the Magellanic Clouds (Magellanic Bridge and Interface Region), and 25% of the <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> gas is associated with the Magellanic Stream. The Leading Arm has a four times lower <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> mass than the Magellanic Stream, corresponding to 6% of the total <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> mass of the gaseous features. We have analyzed the velocity field of the Magellanic Clouds and their neighborhood introducing a LMC-standard-of-rest frame. The <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> in the Magellanic Bridge shows low velocities relative to the Magellanic Clouds suggesting an almost parallel motion, while the gas in the Interface Region has significantly higher relative velocities indicating that this gas is leaving the Magellanic Bridge building up a new section of the Magellanic Stream. The Leading Arm is connected to the Magellanic Bridge close to an extended arm of the LMC. The clouds in the Magellanic Stream and the Leading Arm show significant differences, both in the column density distribution and in the shapes of the line profiles. The <formula notation="TeX">$\ion{H}{i}$</formula> gas in the Magellanic Stream is more smoothly distributed than the gas in the Leading Arm. These morphological differences can be explained if the Leading Arm is at considerably lower <formula notation="TeX">$z$</formula>-heights and embedded in a higher pressure ambient medium.