The molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rh2 and its octyl ester derivative on anti-angiogenesis in cancer treatment: the battle between PI3K and ROS.

The cancer treatments that target tumor associated angiogenesis (TAA) induced by vascular endothelial growth factor A (VEGFA) have become valued. Ginsenoside Rh2 has been proved to inhibit TAA through VEGFA. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Moreover, the octyl ester derivative of Rh2 (Rh2-O) exhibited better inhibitory effects than Rh2 on liver cancer in our previous researches, which indicated that Rh2-O might also exert inhibitory effects on TAA.