Building integration photovoltaic module with reference to Ghana: using triple junction amorphous silicon

This paper assesses the potential for using building integrated photovoltaic (BIPV) \ud roof shingles made from triple-junction amorphous silicon (3a-Si) for electrification \ud and as a roofing material in tropical countries, such as Accra, Ghana. A model roof \ud was constructed using triple-junction amorphous (3a-Si) PV on one section and \ud conventional roofing tiles on the other. The performance of the PV module and tiles \ud were measured, over a range of ambient temperatures and solar irradiance. PVSyst (a \ud computer design software) was used to determine the most appropriate angle of tilt. It \ud was observed that 3a-Si performs well in conditions such as Accra, because it is \ud insensitive to high temperatures. Building integration gives security benefits, and \ud reduces construction costs and embodied energy, compared to freestanding PV \ud systems. Again, it serves as a means of protection from salt spray from the oceans and \ud works well even when shaded. However, compared to conventional roofing materials, \ud 3a-Si would increase the indoor temperature by 1-2 °C depending on the surface area \ud of the roof covered with the PV modules. The results presented in this research \ud enhance the understanding of varying factors involved in the selection of an \ud appropriate method of PV installation to offset the short falls of the conventional \ud roofing material in Ghana.