SECONDARY METABOLITES FROM OLIVE LEAVES (Olea europaea L.)

Maslina (Olea europaea L.) je jedna od glavnih poljoprivrednih kultura mediteranskog područja. Otkriveno je da su osim ulja i listovi masline bogat izvor komponenti s farmakološkim učinkom. U ovom radu analiziran je sastav eteričnog ulja i hidrolata u različitim razvojnim fazama masline. Vodenom destilacijom u aparaturi po Clevengeru iz nekoliko uzoraka listova masline izolirana su eterična ulja i hidrolati te identificirani GC/MS analizom. U prvom uzorku eteričnog ulja najzastupljeniji spoj bio je ß-ionon (20.4%), u drugom germakren D (31.2%), u trećem endo-fenhil acetat (12.7%), u četvrtom dokosan (40.1%), u petom n-dodekanol (30.6%) i u šestom kariofilen oksid (17.1%). U uzorcima hidrolata najzastupljeniji spoj u većini uzoraka bio je ß-ionon: u prvom uzorku u količini od 15.9%, u drugom uzorku u količini od 40.3%, u trećem uzorku u količini od 42.8%; u četvrtom uzorku najzastupljeniji spoj bio je biciklogermakren (39.5%), u petom ß-ionon (25.3%) i u šestom najzastupljeniji je bio miristicin (35%). Spojevi koji su izolirani u svim uzorcima listova, ili u eteričnom ulju ili hidrolatu su: α-pinen, ß-kariofilen, α-humulen, allo-aromadendren, ß-ionon, miristicin, palmitinska kiselina, oleinska kiselina te dokosan, trikosan i tetrakosan.
Olive (Olea europaea L.) is one of the main agricultural crops of the Mediterranean area. It has been discovered that apart from oil, olive leaves are also a rich source of components with pharmacological effect. In this paper the composition of essential oils and hydrolates was observed in different life stages of olive. By aqueous distillation in Clevenger's apparatus, essential oils and hydrolates were isolated from several olive leaf samples and identified by GC/MS analysis. In the first sample of essential oil the most common compound was β-ionone (20.4%), in second germacrene D (31.2%), in third endo-fenchyl acetate (12.7%), in fourth docosane (40.1%), in fifth n-dodecanol (30.6 %) and in sixth caryophyllene oxide (17.1%). In hydrolates the most common compound in most of the samples was β-ionone: in first sample in the amount of 15.9%, in second sample in the amount of 40.3%, in third sample in the amount of 42.8%; in fourth sample the most common component was bicyclogermacrene (39.5%), in fifth ß-ionone (25.3%) and in sixth myristicin (35%). The compounds that were isolated from all of the samples, either from essential oil or hydrolate, were: α-pinene, ß-caryophyllene, α-humulene, allo-aromadendrene, ß-ionone, myristicin, palmitic acid, oleic acid and docosane, tricosane and tetracosane.