Inserting curved boundary layers for viscous flow simulation with high-order tetrahedra

We propose an a posteriori approach for generating curved meshes for viscous flow simulations composed by high-order tetrahedra. The proposed approach is performed in the following three steps: (1) generate a linear tetrahedral mesh for inviscid flow; (2) insert a boundary layer mesh, composed by linear tetrahedra, on the viscous part; and (3) convert the linear tetrahedral mesh to a curved and high-order mesh for viscous flow. This approach provides high-order tetrahedral meshes with boundary layer parts that are composed by elements that are: curved, valid, and of any interpolation degree.