Multi-sensor soil electromagnetic sounding (MuSES) for Mars exploration

MuSES is a multi-sensor experimental package designed to operate onboard a rover to perform the electromagnetic prospection of planetary soils. The package consists of three instruments that, using different electromagnetic methods, provide the in situ measurements of the dielectric constant and conductivity of the subsurface, in several bands of frequencies (from 100Hz to 1GHz) at different ranges of depth (from 0 to 60 m). The package is capable to detect subsurface water in solid and/or liquid phases and to determine the electromagnetic stratigraphy of the subsoil.