The multi-functionality of extensive cattle livestock and its importance for agricultural systems in northern highlands of Vietnamm

Natural grasslands are a major feed source for cattle production in the Northern highlands of Vietnam. However, as market develops, and cash crop production increases, so too does pressure on land, with less and less area available for natural pastures. This study analysed the diversity of the functions of grasslands and their perception by various stakeholders resulting in motivation to (or in low interest for) improving pasture management. The availability of communal grazing-land is a major factor affecting cattle herd size, management practice and profitability of beef production. Beef produced in extensive grazing systems is preferred by traders and consumers, with the development of beef cattle value chains providing new opportunities for farmers to improve natural pastures management and to extend growing-pastures on upland fields. The grazing areas are composed of uncovered grasslands, but also of forest lands, fallows and interstitial areas (border of fields, roads…). Pastoral systems are characterized by multi-functions of livestock that contrast with the vision of commercial firms invested in the development of mono-cropping such as maize production. Although Government has encouraged beef production development in the highlands, multi-functionality of livestock, forest and crop cultivation are not mentioned in the development programs. And grasslands are not formally recognized by local institutions as a valuable feed source. Consequently, government support funding is rarely requested to improve natural pastures. Collective action is required from all different stakeholders to manage them sustainably.