Concentrations of Heavy Metals and Elements in Different Types of Honey from Bosnia and Herzegovina

U ovome istraživanju je u pet vrsta meda, monocvjetnim bagrem (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), kesten (Castanea sativa Mill.) i kadulja (Salvia officinalis) te multicvjetnim šumskom i cvjetnom medu s područja Bosne i Hercegovine su određivani toksični metali te makro i mikro-elementi (As, Cd, Pb, Ba, Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Ni, Ag te Al) primjenom tehnike induktivno spregnute plazme s masenom detekcijom (ICP-MS). Nađene koncentracije u pet vrsta meda su se kretale u rasponu srednjih koncentracija (μg/kg): As 0,83-1,23; Cd 0,39 4,52; Pb 10,02-17,6; Ba 51,1-649,0; V 0,46-7,53; Cr 0,44-5,14; Fe 366,0-1.247,1; Co 0,48-12,71; Cu 182,9-493,7; Se 0,79-1,42; Mo 1,36-3,80; Ni 26,3-213,8; Ag 0,015-0,24; (mg/ kg): Al 0,26-2,88; Na 3,21-7,68; Mg 17,8-96,1; K 425,3-1.501; Ca 2.536,96-258.112,80; Mn 0,545-12,4 i Zn 0,35-6,94. Botanički sastav meda znatno utječe na mineralni sastav te je utvrđeno da med bagrema sadrži najveće koncentracije sljedećih elemenata (mg/kg): K 1501, Ca 100,2, Na 7,68, Mn 9,43; (μg/kg): Ni 213,8, Mo 3,80, Cr 5,14 i Pb 17,6 te najniže Al 0,26 mg/kg i Cu 182,9 μg/kg. Najveći broj elemenata s najnižim koncentracijama sadrži cvjetni med (μg/kg): Cd 0,39; Cr 0,44; V 0,46; Co 0,48; Se 0,79; Mo 1,36, Ni 26,3 i Mg 17,8 mg/ kg. Med kadulje sadrži najveće koncentracije sljedećih elemenata (μg/kg): Ag 0,24; V 7,53; Cu 493,7; Fe 1247,1 i Mg mg/kg, i najniže Ca 52,5 mg/kg. U medu kestena su nađene najviše koncentracije Cd, Co i Se (μg/kg: 4,52; 12,71 i 1,42), a najmanje su za Ba 51,1 i Pb 10,2 (μg/ kg), odnosno (mg/kg): K 425,3; Mn 0,545 i Na 3,21. Šumski med sadrži najviše koncentracije Al 2,88 mg/kg i Ba 649,0 μg/kg, a najniže As, Fe i Zn (najviše koncentracije Al 2,88 mg/ kg i Ba 649,0 μg/kg te najniže As, Fe i Zn (μg/kg: 0,83; 366,0 i 0,35). Pored botaničkog sastava, usporedbom s drugim istraživanjima, pokazalo se da znatan utjecaj na mineralni sastav meda imaju i geografsko podrijetlo i činitelji okoliša.
In this study, five types of honey, monoflower: locust (Robinia pseudoacacia L.), chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) and sage (Salvia officinalis), and multiflower: forest and floral honey from the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina were tested with inductively coupled plasma with mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine the toxic metal, macro and micro-element content (As, Cd, Pb, Ba, Na, Mg, K, Ca, V, Mn, Cr, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Se, Mo, Ni, Ag and Al). Mean concentrations found in five types of honey were in the ranges (μg/kg): As 0.83–1.23, Cd 0.39–4.52, Pb 10.02–17.6, Ba 51.1–649.0, V 0.46–7.53, Cr 0.44–5.14, Fe 366.0–1247.1, Co 0.48–12.71, Cu 182.9–493.7, Se 0.79–1.42, Mo 1.36–3.80, Ni 26.3–213.8, Ag 0.015–0.24, (mg/kg): Al 0.26–2.88, Na 3.21–7.68, Mg 17.8–96.1, K 425.3–1501, Ca 2,536.96–258,112.80, Mn 0.545–12.4 and Zn 0.35–6.94. The botanical composition of honey significantly affected the mineral composition and is was found that black locust honey contained the highest concentration of the following elements (mg/kg): K 1501, Ca 100.2, Na 7.68, Mn 9.43; (μg/ kg): Ni 213.8, Mo 3.80, Cr 5.14 and Pb 17.6 and the lowest content of Al 0.26 mg/kg and Cu 182.9 μg/kg. Floral honeys contained the largest number of elements with the lowest concentrations (μg/kg): Cd 0.39, Cr 0.44, V 0.46, Co 0.48, Se 0.79, Mo 1.36, Ni 26.3 and Mg 17.8 mg/kg. Sage honey contained the highest concentrations of the following elements (μg/ kg): Ag 0.24; V 7.53; Cu 493.7; Fe 1247.1 and Mg mg/kg; and the lowest Ca 52.5 mg/kg. The highest levels of Cd, Co and Se (μg/kg: 4.52, 12.71 and 1.42), and the lowest levels of Ba and Pb (μg/kg: 51.1 and 10.2) and for K, Mn and Na (mg/kg: 425.3, 0.545 and 3.21) were measured in chestnut honey. Forest honey contained the highest concentration of Al (2.88 mg/kg) and Ba (649.0 μg/kg) and the lowest As, Fe and Zn (μg/kg: 0.83, 366.0 and 0.35). In comparison with other studies, in addition to botanical composition, it can be concluded that geographical origin and environmental factors also have a substantial impact on the mineral composition of honeys.