Scenarios for exposure of aquatic organisms to plant protection products in the Netherlands : part 1: Field crops and downward spraying

In the current Dutch authorisation procedure for calculating the exposure of surface water organisms to plant protection products, drift deposition is considered to be the only source for exposure of surface water organisms. Although drift can still be considered the most important source, atmospheric deposition and drainage may constitute important sources as well. Therefore, RIVM, PBL, Wageningen UR and the Board for the authorisation of plant protection products and biocides have derived a new procedure in which these two potential sources are included. The new procedure, described in this report, is restricted to downward spray applications in field crops