Antibiotic Prophylaxis in Vesicoureteral Reflux

Vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) which is associated with bladder dysfunction and increased risk of urinary tract infection (UTI), is a common and important urinary system abnormality seen in children. Although VUR spontaneously resolves in most of the cases, it might lead to severe complications including reflux nephropathy, hypertension, UTI and bladder dysfunction. The continuous antibiotic prophylaxis (CAP) in the management of VUR is first choice of therapy. However, controversy exists on CAP in the current studies and some questions have not been properly answered yet. In this paper the recent trends of CAP in VUR is reviewed under current guidelines.