Promoting Bicycle-Commuting: Modal Shift from Car to Bicycle

In recent years, expectations for bicycle have been raised as an environmental friendly travel mode. This paper investigated possibility of bicycle-commuting, reviewing a wide variety of bicycle-promoting policies in US, Europe and Japan, and analyzing the effects of bicycle-commuting enhancing measures on modal shift from car to bicycle. Current problems regarding promotion of bicycle-commuting were examined from the standpoint of private companies and local governments.