Дослідження впливу антипіренів на властивості вогнезахисних покриттів по текстильних матеріалах

The paper considers the influence of the composition of the flame retardant composition on the change of fire-retardant properties of textile materials. Experimental samples of cotton fabric were impregnated with sol of ethyl silicate-40 obtained under conditions of acid-base hydrolysis. A solution of diammonium hydrogen phosphate was sprayed on the dried surface of the gel coating and dried again. The influence of the composition of the hybrid composition of the system of ethyl silicate gel - flame retardants on the fire-retardant properties of impregnated textile materials was studied, namely the time of onset of fabric charring, the area of damage to the reverse side of the fabric after the action of the kinetic flame for 8 s, as well as the time of onset of tissue destruction, which was determined at the time of the crack on the sample. It is shown that additional fixation on the surface of the hybrid coating of the ethyl silicate gel - diammonium hydrogen phosphate-urea system further increases the fire-retardant properties of the coating, but only under conditions of using small amounts of urea. It was found that urea acts as a conventional additive-modifier. It improves the properties of the coating in small quantities, and sharply worsens them if it used in large one. In connection with the composition of the hybrid coating was optimized for its effect on the area of damage (total and deep) and the time of onset of destruction of the samples, ie the time during which the crack formed on the fabric under the action of the flame. Small additions of 20% diammonium hydrogen phosphate solution and 10% urea solution increase the resistance of the textile material to the action of the kinetic flame by almost 12 times. It is shown that after long-term heat load (for 10 minutes) impregnated fabrics do not lose elasticity. Final burning and decay is not observed. Due to the fact that minor tissue destruction begins only after 10 minutes of action of the kinetic flame, the results made it possible to offer hybrid siliceous coatings for fire protection of rescue stretchers, which are designed to rescue the wounded from high-rise buildings during a fire.