Precise separation of small neutral solutes with mixed-diamine-based nanofiltration membranes and the impact of solvent activation

High permeance membranes selective towards small ions and solutes are required to produce high-quality product water. Conventional semi-aromatic polyamide thin-film composite (TFC) nanofiltration membranes prepared via interfacial polymerization of diamine, e.g., piperazine (PIP) and acid chloride, do not show the precise separation of small solutes (