Hybrid Power Systems for Construction Machinery: Aspects of System Design and Operability of Wheel Loaders

This paper will examine the wheel loader as a system with two parallel energy conversion systems that show a complex interaction with each other and with the power source. Using a systematic design approach, several principle design solutions for hybridization can be found. Furthermore, the human operator with his/her control actions needs to be considered as part of the total system. This paper will therefore also connect to results from ongoing and previous research into operator workload and operability.