Implementation of the Informatization Application Scenario for Prevention and Control of Desertification in the China-Mongolia-Russia Economic Corridor of the Belt and Road Initiative—Taking the China-Mongolia Railway (Mongolia Section) as an Example

The areas of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor in the Belt and Road Initiative are characterized by a complex natural geography, a fragile ecological environment, and serious desertification. Its impact on the main traffic trunk lines between China, Mongolia, and Russia is not clear, which brings risks and challenges to infrastructure construction. The completion of dynamic monitoring and risk assessment of desertification in areas along the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor is urgently required. Faced with the above problems, this study, based on research information and GIS technology, carried out a desertification remote sensing inversion algorithm, a big data application platform, and multi-source data fusion and integration, and established application scenarios for desertification risk control. In this application, based on the extraction effect comparison of different characteristic space models, a desertification information extraction model algorithm suitable for the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor is constructed. Using modes of big data batch processing and real-time processing, the desertification information along the corridor was extracted, analyzed, and dynamically monitored. Combined with historical data, the diagnosis and testing of desertification patterns and changes within 200 km of both sides of the China-Mongolia Railway (Mongolian section) from 1990 to 2015 have been completed. This application scenario is oriented to multi-source, multi-scale, and long-time series earth observation satellite data. Based on the big data batch processing technology driven by cloud computing, it realizes high-throughput processing, rapid analysis, and the visual display of long-time series desertification dynamic information. It has the ability to monitor desertification dynamically and can provide information and decision-making support for the prevention and control of desertification in key areas of the China-Mongolia-Russia economic corridor.