Fabrication of Lead-Free (CH3 NH3 )3 Bi2 I9 Perovskite Photovoltaics in Ethanol Solvent

The toxicity of lead present in organohalide perovskites and the hazardous solvent system used for their synthesis hinders the deployment of perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Here, we report an environmentally friendly route for synthesis of bismuth based lead-free (CH3NH3)3Bi2I9 perovskites that utilize ethanol as the solvent. Using this method, dense and homogeneous microstructure was obtained, compared the porous rough microstructure obtained by DMF solution. Thus, the photovoltaic performance was enhanced and open voltage as high as 0.84 V can be obtained.