Phase-variable primary-system modelling and solution methods in dynamic-response assessments of high-speed protection

Dynamic-response evaluations of high-speed primary-protection systems are assuming an increasing importance as protection measuring times are progressively reduced, and these require very considerable detail of representation, not only for protection systems, but for the primary transducers from which they operate, and for the section of the primary system protected. Within this composite simulation, it is the latter area, that of the primary system for which the protection system under investigation provides coverage, to which the paper is devoted. In particular, the paper develops a phase-variable analysis scheme for synchronous generation in a form that allows it to be used directly in conjunction with electromagnetic transient analysis for the network system interconnecting generation. This provides a rational and unified scheme of analysis which combines fast-solution properties with considerable flexibility in application.