Extracellular Vesicles of Pluripotent Stem Cells

The review article presents data on extracellular vesicles (EV), bilayer phospholipid membrane structures which are secreted by different cell types and contain proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. The features of their structure, biogenesis, and mechanisms of interaction with the recipient cell are considered. The properties of extracellular vesicles of embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and their role in the regulation of developmental processes are also considered. Special attention is paid to the vesicles of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), their role in maintaining pluripotency, and the properties of the vesicles of cells obtained during the directed differentiation of iPSCs.