Some approaches to prophylactic measures in a martian expedition

Physiological and methodological principles of the organization of physical training (PT) and its computerization during a space flight to Mars under the conditions of autonomous activity of the crew, including interaction with onboard medical systems, self-maintenance of health, preventive measures, diagnostic examinations, and, if necessary, treatment, are discussed. The conditions of unusually long-term autonomous space flights make the ground-based monitoring of the state of health of crew members substantially more difficult, which calls for computerization of the control over the crew members’ health, including prophylactic measures. The situation is further complicated because it is impossible to receive the necessary information from, and transmit it to, the spacecraft in a real-time mode or to quickly return the crew to Earth in case of an emergency. Under these conditions, physical prevention should be based on an onboard automated expert system ensuring the control over the activities of all crew members aimed at optimizing their psychophysical state. The problems of the control of training, including the use of an onboard automated expert system, are discussed.