New phragmalin-type limonoids from Swietenia macrophylla King

The fruit of Swietenia macrophylla is commonly known as “sky fruit”. The fruit, which contains flavonoids and saponins, is processed commercially into a wide range of health foods and healthcare products. The fruit concentrate is used traditionally to improve blood circulation and impart a healthy skin. In this paper, we describe the isolation and structure elucidation of three new phragmalin ortho esters, named swietephragmin H-J ( 1 – 3 ), and a new polyhydroxylated phragmalin, named swietemacrophine ( 4 ), from the leaves of S. macrophylla . The structures of the compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic methods, including HRESIMS, 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR, DEPT, 1 H– 1 H COSY, HMQC, HMBC and NOESY spectra. This is the first report of phragmalin ortho esters and a polyhydroxylated phragmalin from this plant.