FT-IR, XRD, SEM-EDS, EDXRF and chemometric analyses of archaeological artifacts recently excavated from Chandravalli in Karnataka State, South India

In the present study, eight samples were selected for the spectroscopy, microscopy, X-ray diffraction and Chemometric analyses. All these samples were collected from the Chandravalli site located in Karnataka, South India. The firing technology (firing temperature and conditions) involved in the artifacts during manufacturing due to its mineralogical composition determined by FT-IR and XRD. Through vitrification factors and the high firing limit of the artifacts are correlated with the above results obtained by scanning electron microscope (SEM). The nature of the clay and refractory behavior are explained in detail through EDS and EDXRF analyses. The cluster and factor analysis are used to grouping/provenance study of the artifacts. In addition to that, the elemental oxide ratio is performed to the confirmation of grouping of artifacts.