CHRONOPHYSIOLOGY AND CHRONOPATHOLOGY OF CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM (Literature Review)

This review presents modern data on the biorhythms of cardiac activity in healthy individuals and pathological conditions. The article presents the changes in the indices of the cardiovascular system during the day. There are diurnal patterns in changes of heart rate. As in healthy persons and in patients suffering from arterial hypertension bimodality circadian rhythm of blood pressure was revealed. It is emphasized that circadian fluctuations in blood pressure may be associated with the participation of melatonin in the regulation of this indicator of cardiovascular activity. In healthy people circadian fluctuations of intervals duration and the height of ECG waves have been revealed. The people belonging to a certain chronotype influence diurnal variations of indicators of heart rate variability. The results of seasonal fluctuations of indicators of cardiac activity as well as the analysis of the frequency of disease recurrence in different periods of the year, the seasons and during the day are presented. The article describes research data on the effect of natural abiotic stress factors - geomagnetic disturbances on chronostructure biorhythms of the heart. The changes in blood pressure and heart rate in the voltage amplification of the magnetic field of the Earth have been covered. The statistical data proving connection between the heliogeomagnetic activity and an increase in the number cardiovascular accidents have been presented. Using the basic regularities of chronobiology allows us to predict the risk of developing various diseases, primarily cardiovascular diseases, which are the main reason of mortality in the world.