Adaptive surrogate modeling with evolutionary algorithm for well placement optimization in fractured reservoirs

Well placement optimization is a decisive task for the reliable design of field development plans. The use of optimization routines coupled to reservoir simulation models as an automatic tool is a popular practice, which could improve the decision-making process on well placement problems. However, despite the various automatic techniques developed, there is still a lack of robust computer-added optimization tool, which can solve the well placement problem with high accuracy in reasonable time while handling the technical constraints properly. In this paper, a hybrid intelligent system is proposed to deal with a real well placement problem with arbitrary well trajectories, complex model grids, and linear and nonlinear constraints. In this intelligent approach, a Genetic Algorithm (GA) combined with a hybrid constraint-handling strategy is applied in conjunction with a constrained space-filling sampling design, Gaussian Process (GP) surrogate model, and one proposed adaptive sampling routine. This self-adaptive framework allows to consecutively augment the quality of surrogate, enhance the accuracy of the process, and thus guide the optimization rapidly into the optimal solution. To demonstrate the efficiency of the developed method, a full-field reservoir case is considered. This case covers a real well placement project in a fractured unconventional reservoir of El Gassi, which is a mature field located in Hassi-Massoud, Algeria. The obtained results highlighted the effectiveness of the proposed approach for solving the real well placement problem with high accuracy in reasonable CPU-time. These auspicious features make it a reliable tool to be used on other real optimization projects.